Improvement in looms



UJITED lSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHX DRUMMGND, OF NHTV YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT INy LOOMS.

Specification Itrrznng part of Letters Patent No. 40.685. dated November 24, 1863.

To all u'wm. it may concern:

Be it known that l, Joris WALLME Damr- MUND, of' the city and State ot'Netv York, have invented, made. and applied to use certain new and useful Improvements in Looms for \\'eaving; and Ido hereby declare the following.r to be a full. clear, and exact descriptit n ot my said invention,reference being had to the annexed drawings, making:v part ol" this specification, Wherefn- Figure l is plan ot my improved loom. Fig. isa longitudinal section. 1-`i;:.3 is aside elevation. and Fig. 4 is au elevation at the back end of said loont. 4

Similar marks ot' reference denote the same parts.

ln the looms heretofore constructed the weaving operation has been pertermed in a manner to produce violent concnssions, the shuttle is thrown by a blow` the lay comes up with concussion against the filling. and the. heddles move suddenly in forming the shed of warp. These operations are ver) noisy. and

produce great wear on the parts. and the coneussions are injurious to buildings containing a number of looms.

A\ly invention consists in a progressive wearing.1r opcratitui. in which, tirst, the shuttle is rolled across the fabric. and can consequently be carried an indeiinite dista-nce` as maybe re quired for the goods lit-ing: woven; second, the weft or tilling thread is laid up progressively in harmonvvvith the travel of the shuttlc; hence any lcqnired pressure can be applied to such thread without any concussion: and. third. the heddles are operated upon b va these pulleys a a, on which is a crank-pin or stud, e, that takes a slot,f, in a belt, (1, that passes around the rollers /l it. and is connected t) or t'ornied with the portions g', g2, and g of an`endless belt that are connected to and reciprocate in unison with the diierent portions ot" the mechanism. Itv will now be .understood that the stud e will communicate to this belt g a reciprocating movement, and that. the extent ot" said movement will be determined by the distance across from the outside of one pulley a to the outside of the other, and that the various devicesl connected to the said beltwill receive a motion of a corresponding extent; hence I here observe that the extent of motion is to be much as the width ofthe fabric t0 be woven, added to rather more than the length of the shuttle employed, and I am in no manner limited in the :1i-'rangement of Y the belt g. nor the position of the belt c, relatively to the rest ot' the loom. so longr as t'no reciprocations to the extent aforesaid are coms yrnunieated to the parts hereinafter described.

i i are slidewavs on which the shuttle-carrier l: travels.. This carrier l: is provided with rollers 1l, (see plan, Fig. 7,) and is reciprocatprogressive movement to raise the warps suftciently for the shuttle and at the part.A where itis passing. and hence the sudden change of the entire shed and the concussion eonseprent thereon are avoided. These features, when all associated together, produce an al ed across the loom by a connection to the portion g of the belt g, or otherwise. l

"' is a horizontal tixed belt drawn across over the shuttle-carrier, and extending from j tle is guided by this rib 4, being between the front plate ot'th'c shuttle and the sides ot' these most noiseless loom. and one in which no part =and driver are shown separately, 1ty will be is exposed to the undue strain arisingr from concussion or sudden motion. and there is no limit to the .speed except the ultimate strength of -the ttarps and tilling, and these, not being exposed to sudden motion, are not as liable to injury as in the present looms.

lnthedrawings,a a are pulleys on shafts b b,

sustained iu the, frame d, to one or both of which shafts rotation is communicated by any `convenient: means. c is an endless belt over l i i l i rollers 5 5.

Ily reference to Fig. 5, in which the shuttle upon this belt undisturbed, notwithstandingthe motion given through that belt to thc! shuttle.therollers33travelingoverthewarps. i The warps are raised by any suitable device. 1, however. prefer that hereinafter described, and the rib 4 is notched to form tine, smooth teeth at the parts where the warps pass through, so that the warps ot' the upper shed shall be received in such teeth and not be in- `iured by the passage ot' the shuttle. The .shuttle itself carries the tilling;r or weft thread, 1t beinev the bobbiu, from which the. thread passes through an eye, b. thence across through holes in the shuttle to the long delivery-slot T, formed at thc upper edge ot the shuttle, so that the idling-thread will pass ot' near the under side of the top shed of arps and be deposited between the laying,r up device and the cloth` as the same lies over the breast-- beam, in order that said la vin; r up device may press the tilling-thread up to the cloth.

Having,r thus described the mode ot' depositing the thread by the regular progressive movement ot' the shuttle, without the concussion due to sudden stopping; or starting, I will next describe the lay-up apparatus for pressing: the -weit up to its place.

p p are plates that correspond in thickness to the distance from the center of one warp thread to the center ot' the. next, but the upper parts of these plates are made thinner, so as to pass freely between the warps similarly to the reeds ot' a lay. A series ot' these, plates, corresponding in numher with the warps, extends across the maehine in such a position that, the top part (.fone platemay comcbetween each two warps, and these plates are titted on a center bar or 10d, 8, or they might be titt'ed to slide bach 'and forth, the object being tha-'t they shall be drawn back at theI point where the shuttle is passing, in order that the tiiiing-thread may be laid in by the slot Lover their upper ends :nd between them and the cloth, and as near tothe cloth as convenient. and then that said lay-up be caused to press said thread up to place hy a moveu'ient that'acts progresstvey trom end to end ot' the tillin". The meritata ism that presses these lay-np plates forward is to travel with the shuttle. and may he so located as to press up the said. idling-thread as soon as itis laid, or it mm. ae? npon the return movement of the shuttt` evionsly to. thc laying in ot' the next weft-threat A cant. formed proection, q. upon the shuttiadriver k acts to press the. upper part of the plates p forward as said driver is reciprocaied across the loom, aml this projecting cam g may be armed with a rolier to relieve the tration of acting upon the plates p, and a double-caen, r, attached to a part, g`-', of the'belte g. and :ravelinf.r upon a ledge, 1J, acts upon thclower 'ends of the plates p to throw their uppcr ends back toward the, shuttle-slides z', so that the, weft# thread may pass over theirupper ends as the shuttle passesalong. The normal condition of these plates p is with their upper ends to ward' the slideways i i, and the weft-thread drawso through the long slot 7, and will hence always deliver at the hiudmost or rear end of said slot after theI upper ends of the f plates p have been pressed by the cam r hack toward said slideways, an't said slot 't' being higher than the ends of said plates p. the tilling-thread will pass over and in front ot' their upper ends, and be deposited between them and the point to which the filling;r is driven to form the cloth.

l here remark that in the construction rep: resented the tillingthread passes oti' from the rear end ot`the shuttle, and hence is not driven up until the .shuttle returns; but il' the wei't' thread were delivered from au eye at the eml of an arm extendin; r t'rom they center of' the shuttle, and the cams q and 1' transposed in position, the wet't might be driven up as soon as delivered from the shuttle.

In order to actuate thc heddles, I employ thc part ,ff ofthe leltg, and the heddles theur selves 1 malV of'hin metallic plates or strips t f, set to slide vertically in uitableguidesJh Each plate is perforated for the passage ot' its warp, and is provided with an arm, n, and said plates are so placed that thc arms u project from the two rows of heddles inward or toward each other, and when the warps are level said arms are a little above the, iower guide,t'. The part g3 ot' the belt g' runs between thesc heddles, and may be guided at the top and bottom edges in grooves in the guides t'. l'pon opposite sides of this belt are tixed earns r t'. (see the detached Pif'. blt provided with hinged im'liues or switch-bars v1",whieh are placed :zt opposite ends of thc said earns. The aezion ot these is that as the heit gs reciprocates. the switch t", which is advancing. acts under the arms =u ot one range l oi' heddles. raising them and the warps tothe necessary height. v here they remain elevated on the cam t'. and hold the warps up'tifvetthe shuttle: and when said shnttie anti earns r have passed, the warps drop to their normal position. `During: this same time the warps in the plates forming the other hedd-lchave ither remained stationary er been depressed. the eatn r having: passed over' s; d arms n. and the switch r :ming been r ed by .si-ich arms and runu iacit' o'ver them. 'hen the reverse movement of the heit takes piace., ne heddlcplates that had *bettirefre ai; wi in a nia-mai posi, ,on or been depressed are :assed hy the hinged incinte r", acting: n nder their arms u 11'. whiie the heddlcplates that had been raised are-depressed or Vremain in a no'nnal position. Each cam e is formed with an intime on its under edge at the end opposite the switch r', so as to. pass over the arinsu of' the. heddles when thel cant is moving with that end tirst,` and theheddles 'may be depressed ly that. means to draw down the The cloth, as woven,

lower shed ot warp. passes over the breast-beam 1c and between v the rollers .1' 1', that are pressed together by springs and screws, or otherwise, so as to grip and draw the cloth along as woven. These rollers are to be geared together, and a ratchetwheel, y, is provided, the teeth ot which bear such a relation to the size of the roller to which the wheel is connected directly or by intermediate gearing that the movement of said Wheel to the extent ot one tooth draws the fabric along two picks, or the width of two filling-threads. I actuate this wheel y half a tooth each reciprocation of the loom by the pawls 10 and 11, hinged at 12 and 13 to the bent lever y. (See Fig. 3.) zz are the springs for such pawls, and 9 the fulorum of y. z is a bent lever on the center 15, and attached to y by a screw and slot at 14, or similar device. 16 and 17 are adjustable tappets or studs affixed to the belts g g, and projecting snciently therefrom to take the upper end of z. The position of these tappets is such that one ot' them takes against the side of z at the time the belt has to move as much, before commencing its return reciprocation, as the upper end ot' said lever z has to be moved. By this arrangement, when the tappet 17 takes the lever z', the pawl 11 moves the wheel y half a tooth, and on the return movement the tappet 16 causes the pawl 10 to move the wheel y half of a tooth and carry the pawl 11 back sufticiently to take the next tooth on said wheel y, so that the take-up is a positive movement acting each reciprocation ot' the shuttle.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The mode ot` operation for opening the shed, as described.

2. The mode of operation for carrying the weftthread across, as described.

3. The mode ot' operation for laying up the weft-thread, as described.

4. The combination of the mode of operation for opening the shed with the mode of operation for carrying the weft-thread across, as desired.

5. The combination ot' the mode of operation for carrying the weft thread across with the mode ot" operation for laying up the weft thread, as described.

6. The combination ot' the mode of opera tion for opening the shed for carrying the weftvthread across and for laying up the weftthread, as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature this 9th day of October, A. D. 1863.

JOHN W. DRUMMOND.

Witnesses LEMUEL W. SERRELL, Trios. GEO. HAROLD. 

